Asociación del gen ELMO1 (snp rs1345365) con el desarrollo de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en población mestiza Mexicana / Association of the ELMO1 gene (snp rs1345365) with development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Mexican mestizo population

El locus g.37190613 en 7p14.2-14.1 del gen ELMO1 presenta un polimorfismo el cual consiste en un cambio G>A(rs1345365). Esta variante, entre otras, de ELMO1, ha sido asociada con nefropatía diabética en diferentes poblaciones. En México son limitados los estudios de asociación de diabetes mellitus con genes candidatos. Por ello, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la asociación del SNP rs1345365 del gen ELMO1 con el desarrollo de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Para ello se analizaron 148 pacientes con DM2, 156 individuos sin diabetes pero con factores de riesgo cardiovascular y 269 personas sanas sin DM2. El polimorfismo se identificó por PASA (PCR AMPLIFICATION ALLELE SPECIFIC) y PAGE teñida con nitrato de plata. La asociación se estableció por diferentes modelos de epidemiología genética; el modelo dominante mostró una asociación positiva (p=0,0006) como factor protector y el para-dominante mostró al estado heterocigoto como factor de riesgo. En conclusión el estudio reveló la asociación del SNP rs1345365 del gen ELMO1 con DM2 en una población mestiza Mexicana.

The g.37190613 locus on 7p14.2-14.1 in the ELMO1 gene has a G>A polymorphism (SNP rs1345365) that has been associated with diabetic nephropathy in different populations. The genetic-association studies in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) on the Mexican population are limited. The aim of this study was to estimate whether the polymorphism G>A of ELMO1 gene is associated with the development of DM2. We included 148 DM2 individuals, 156 individuals with cardiovascular risk factors without diabetes and 269 healthy proband without DM2. The polymorphism was identified by PCR amplification specific allele (PASA), PAGE and silver staining. The association was established by genetic epidemiological models; the dominant model showed a positive association (p=0.0006) as a protective factor, and the para-dominant model to heterozygous, as risk factor. In conclusion, this study revealed the association of the SNP rs1345365 of the ELMO1 gene in a Mexican population.

Association of the ELMO1 gene (snp rs1345365) with development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Mexican mestizo population. / Asociación del gen ELMO1 (snp rs1345365) con el desarrollo de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en población mestiza Mexicana.

The g.37190613 locus on 7p14.2-14.1 in the ELMO1 gene has a G>A polymorphism (SNP rs1345365) that has been associated with diabetic nephropathy in different populations. The genetic-association studies in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) on the Mexican population are limited. The aim of this study was to estimate whether the polymorphism G>A of ELMO1 gene is associated with the development of DM2. We included 148 DM2 individuals, 156 individuals with cardiovascular risk factors without diabetes and 269 healthy proband without DM2. The polymorphism was identified by PCR amplification specific allele (PASA), PAGE and silver staining. The association was established by genetic epidemiological models; the dominant model showed a positive association (p=0.0006) as a protective factor, and the para-dominant model to heterozygous, as risk factor. In conclusion, this study revealed the association of the SNP rs1345365 of the ELMO1 gene in a Mexican population.

Warts, malnutrition, and sunshine.

Viral warts are common in poor rural settings but their relationship to malnutrition has not been studied. We sought to determine the prevalence of warts in children of two communities in Oaxaca, Mexico, and compared it with their nutritional status. Children from Santa Catarina Yahuio and Santiago Laxopa of the state of Oaxaca were examined. Localization, number, and type of verruca were noted. Date of birth, height, and weight were obtained to determine nutritional status. A total of 213 children (116 girls and 97 boys), 107 in Yahuio and 106 in Laxopa, were studied. Mean age was 10.24 years. Thirty children (14.1%) had warts and 80% (24/30) of these lived in Yahuio (p = 0.0002). Almost half were teenagers. Most lesions were on sun-exposed areas. First degree malnutrition was found in 24.5%; second degree in 23.6% and third degree in 14.2%. A higher frequency of warts than previously reported was found. Malnutrition was prevalent in both groups but did not correlate positively with verruca. Verruca were more frequent in females, adolescents, sun-exposed areas, and higher altitude. We believe that the higher altitude of Yahuio facilitates greater exposure to ultraviolet light-induced immune suppression.

Micosis superficiales en pacientes oncológicos. Estudio en 98 pacientes / Superficial mycosis in oncologic patients. A study in 98 patients

Introducción y objetivo: La frecuencia de infecciones bacterianas, virales y fúngicas es alta en los pacientes inmunosuprimidos. Las micosis superficiales pueden condicionar elevada morbi-mortalidad en los pacientes oncológicos, principalmente bajo inmunosupresión. El objetivo de este trabajo es de conocer la frecuencia y etiología de las infecciones micóticas superficiales en pacientes oncológicos hospitalizados con o sin inmunosupresión. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo, descriptivo y transversal de las micosis superficiales en 98 pacientes oncológicos hospitalizados en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. Resultados: Entre 98 pacientes, el 31,6% de los pacientes estudiados presentaron por lo menos alguna micosis superficial. Las más frecuentemente encontradas fueron las onicomicosis (58%), pie de atleta (38,7%) e intertrigos micóticos inguinales (9,6%). Fue mayor la frecuencia y extensión de las micosis superficiales en los pacientes inmunosuprimidos (41,1%) que en los no inmunosuprimidos (29,6%). Los agentes causales más frecuentes fueron T. rubrum (36,3%) y levaduras del género Candida (11,2%). Conclusiones: Las infecciones fúngicas superficiales son frecuentes en los pacientes oncológicos hospitalizados y son más graves en los inmunosuprimidos. La más frecuente fue la onicomicosis y el agente causal más comun fue T. rubrum. No hubo infecciones sistémicas secundarias a micosis superficiales

Background and objective: Bacterial, viral and mycotic infections are highly frequent in immunocompromised patients. Superficial mycosis can increase morbidity and mortality in oncologic patients, particularly in the immunosupressed. The objective of this work is to know the frequency and etiologic agents of superficial mycotic infections in a population of immunosupressed and not immunosupressed hospitalized oncologic patients. Material and methods: Superficial mycotic infections in ninety eight oncologic hospitalized patients in the “Instituto Nacional de Cancerología” were studied. Results: At least one type of superficial mycosis was present in 31.6% of 98 patients. Onychomycosis (58%), athlete´s foot (38.7%), candidiasis and tinea cruris (9.6%) were the most frequent types found. Frequency was higher in immunosupressed hosts (41.1%) than in the not immunosupressed (29.6%). The most common causal agents were T. rubrum (36.3%) and Candida sp (11.2%). Conclusions: Superficial mycosis are frequent in hospitalized oncologic patients, predominantly in immunosupressed hosts in which they tend to be more severe. Onychomycosis was the most common infection and, as usual, we also corroborate the higher incicdence of T. rubrum. No systemic infections due to superficial mycosis were found

Superficial mycotic infections of the foot in a native pediatric population: a pathogenic role for Trichosporon cutaneum?

Superficial mycotic infections of the feet are usually caused by Tricophyton rubrum, predominantly affecting adults and resulting from the use of occlusive footwear. We carried out a mycologic study of superficial foot infections in a rural school in Mexico where most people wear a leather, nonocclusive sandal. Forty students had clinical signs of 50 fungal infections of the foot: 39 athlete's foot and 11 onychomycosis. Thirty-one boys and 9 girls were studied. Hyphae were seen in 11 cases of athlete's foot and 5 of onychomycosis. Twenty-one cultures were positive (42%). The most frequently isolated fungi were the opportunistic Trichosporon cutaneum in 42.8%, Candida sp. (23.8%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (23.8%), and Candida glabrata (9.5%). Superficial mycotic infections of the feet and nails were most frequent in children and adolescents who usually wear nonocclusive shoes. The most frequent pathogens were Candida sp. and T. mentagrophytes. It is interesting to note the prevalence of T. cutaneum that has recently been implicated in mycoses of the feet and nails. We did not isolate T. rubrum in any patient.